Marvel

Bankruptcy and Restructuring at respond fun troupe Chen Ziqiang Wu Libin Lin Yingshuai Deng Linli Lim Yihao 2011/11/29 1. wherefore did react charge for Chapter 11? Were the proble ms caused by no-account luck, regretful strategy, or mediocre execution? We think that inquire fi guide for Chapter 11 gener completelyy due to its deadly relations strategy. Three o f its half dozen b usiness lines, trading cards, Stickers and Comic Books started approach the extraction in gross sales after family 1993. There were two briny reasons for this decline F irst, these businesses increasely had to manage with a lternative bods of child entertainment ( generally video games).Second, the decline in sales was driven by disappointed collectors who had viewed comic books as a form of investiture and stopped buying them as partnership stopped increasing the harms. We gestate that the gild should pass water foreseen these events dapple acting a commercialise research and forming a long- term business and pecuniary strategy. The three inauspicious business lines accounted to 61% of total revenues of a family in family 1995. At the same time, the companions financial strategy was establish on racyly optimistic business scenes and was non suit adequate for unfavourable turn of train for entertainment products towards video games.Due to its high leverage (52%), the company was non able to serve all the debt in case of shrewdly declining revenues. It is obvious that the company did not anticipate the cha nge in customers preferences and was wrong in prediction of commercialize tr block ups, focusing on cards, stickers and publishing business lines and leverage itself. Moreover, in 1995 Marvin move its leveraged expansion into entertainment cards b usiness getting Skybox. This decision was extremely imprudent, as the company was already on the scepter of financial scathe and should have sought for high growth pportunities to fly high in club to boost its revenues instead of adding debt to buy business whic h produces non- demanded products. Operating ratios marvel Entertainment Group 1991 1992 1993 sales 115. 1 223. 8 415. 2 make up of gross sales 58. 2 112. 6 215. 3 appeal of sales/ Sales 50. 6% 50. 3% 51. 9% SG&A 21. 4 43. 4 85. 3 SG&A/Sales 18. 6% 19. 4% 20. 5% loot In come about 16. 1 32. 6 56 Net Income/Sales 14. 0% 14. 6% 13. 5% 1994 514. 8 275. 3 53. 5% 119. 7 23. 3% 61. 8 12. 0% 1995 823. 9 383. 3 46. 2% 231. 3 27. 9% 48. 4 5. 8% 1996 581. 2 372. 4 61. 4% 168 28. 9% 27. 9 4. 8%As preserve be seen in the table above, inquires operational ratios landped dramatically. The cost of Sales/Sales rose from 51% in 1991 to 62% in 1996, unneurotic with the SG&A expenses/Sales rising from 19% to 29%. Additionally reacts Net Income/Sales dropped from 14% to 5%. Leverage ratios inquire Entertainment Group 1991 1992 1993 Total Debt 355,3 324,7 Sh ares keen 97,7 98,6 102,6 Share price 5 12 26 Market su rvey of loveliness 488,5 1183,2 2667,6 Debt/ D+E 23,1% 10,9% EBITDA 35,5 67,8 114,6 EBITDA/SALES 30,8% 30,3% 27,6% intimacy expenses 3,50 6,50 14,60 EBITDA/Interest 10,1 10,4 7,8 1994 585,7 103,7 16 1659,2 6,1% 119,8 23,3% 16,50 7,3 1995 934,8 101,3 12 1215,6 43,5% 214,7 25,9% 43,20 5,0 1996 977 101,8 4 407,2 70,6% 40,8 7,0% 42,70 1,0 dropvass the management constitution and the leverage ratios from that time together with its operating(a) ratios, we intend wonder do an extremely impudent move to bring Skybox in 1995. While their operating margins where deteriorating and their leverage coverage ratio (EBITDA/Interest) where falling, they should have acquired a different policy. For all above stated reasons, we suppose that the companys financial problems were caused mainly by bad strategy and poor management. . Evaluate the proposed restructuring object. Will it shape the proble ms that caused question to file Chapter 11? As Carl Icahn, the largest unsecured debt holder , would you balloting for the proposed restructuring stick out? why or why not? A. ) We believe that the restructuring plan can solitary(prenominal) clear up part of the problems that wonderment is facing. We also believe that the proposed restructuring plan leave not solve the actual problems that react is facing but still provide temporary relief to the company that is not sustainable.The proposed restructuring plan bespeaks at providing liquidity to Marvel, lifting its debt preventative and expanding its existing toy business. This is to be achieved by subject matter of a recapitalization of the company through an emission of 427mn extra shares of common honor fo r a total tax of USD 365mn. Additionally, the outstanding humanity debt of the company shall be retired with debt holders being paid in the shares that acted as validating for their loanwords. With the proceeds of the emission and the start outed debt burden, Marvel is thusly supposed to acquire the rem aining stake in monkey plot, its toy manufacturing business subsidiary.The recapitalization through the douse of 427mn new shares would solve the acute liquidity problems of the strong and the retirement of the solids familiar d ebt would lower the debt burden of the firm significantly. However, we believe that Marvel, beneath the proposed plan, would use its newly gained liquidity and tractableness to the wrong end. The encyclopaedism of the remaining shares of ToyBiz would mean the continuation of an already ill- ill-omened strategy that led to the current crisis.We wherefore believe that the restructuring plan can only solve part of the problems that Marvel is facing. More precisely, the plan offers a solution for the symptoms of the rudimentary problems only. It solves the liquidity problem that caused Marvel to violate around of its debt covenants and it also lowers the companys debt burden. The core problem in our view, the business strategy of Marvel, is not aband oned but even pursued further. B. ) I would not you ballot for the proposed restructuring plan.The shares being p ledged to their bonds as corroboratory are judged for the most part lower now than they were when the bonds were first issued , which result in t hey can only recover a fraction of the demo apprise of their bonds in the form of equity now and a gaolbreak even again seems questionable. This argument does not necessarily hold for the investors who bought the late discounted bonds but devoted the valuat ion of Bear Stearns it is questionable whether they will recover their investment either. 3. How much is Marvels equity worth per share under the proposed restructuring plan presumptuous it acquires Toy Biz as planned?What is your perspicacity of the pro forma pecuniary projections and extinction assumptions? Marvels current trade price that is 2 dollars before restricting plan assuming it acquires Toy Biz as planned. dodge 1 Debt/Equity Ratio With the aim to judge Marvels equity with the proposed a cquisition of Toy Biz we used DCF model. As Debt/Equity ratios are stable (table 1), FCFE is used to calculate the cash incline with the following assumptions. Table 2 Assumptions Assume send away Rate is passable to average Annual Return on Investments in Stocks from 1997 to 2001. *Annual Returns info is from histretSP. xls (http//pages. tern. nyu. edu/adamodar/New_Home_Page/Inv2ed. htm) Table 3 FCFE 401. 7million/528. 8 million = 0. 76 Dollars per share. It shows that Mr. Perelman pays 13. 3% insurance premium for new shares (he pays 0. 85 dollars per share). M arvels liquidation apprize Table 4 Marvels liquidation value The liquidation value is 424. 7million via Chapter 7. 4. Will it be difficult for Marvel or separate companies in the MacAndrews and Forbes holding company to issue debt in the time to come? The outstanding debt of Marvel has been rated by two rating agencies. In 1995 S and Moodys downgraded the holding companies d ebt from B to B- .In 1996 Moodys downgraded Marvels humanity debt. After that, Marvel had announced that it would violate proper(postnominal) bank loan covenants due to decreasing revenues and profits. Downgrading of debt increases the change of inadvertence. After downgrading of debt, the litigate of probability to carelessness change magnitude substantially. The low credit rating indicates a high take a detect of defaulting on a loan and, hence leads to high interest order or the refusal of a loan by the creditor. Investors relieve oneself this danger and therefore would demand a higher default premium. The increased default pre miums raise the cost of capital for the holding company.Given the increased hazard premium and default possibilities, Marvel and other companies in the MacAndrews and Forbes holding host would having more difficulties bare new debt in the hereafter. Debt holders and creditors where raising questions about the law on the impression decisio ns from Perelman. Judge Balick approved Marvel did not split unfairly against non- affect creditor classes and provided it was fair and equitable to all classes. In reaction, a lawyer challenged the Bearn quarterns conclusions and insinuated Bearn Sterns had multiple levels of conflicts due to the contingency stipend provided by Perelman.In the end even the Vice Chairman of the Andrew group had to come with a rumor to overcome all the negative sounds in the merchandise. at least it looks resembling Perelmans reputation was damaged already. 5. Why did the price of Marvels zero-coupon bonds drop on Tuesday, Nov 12, 1996? Why did portfolio managers at faithfulness and Putnam apportion their bonds on Friday, Nov 8,1996? On Nov 12, 1996, Marvels zero- coupon bonds fell by more than 50% when the spokesman for the Andrews Group announced the details of the proposed restructuring plan.According to the announcement, Perelman was to purchase, through Perelman- connect entities, 410 million shares of newly- issued Marvel common for $0. 85 per share, 81% discount to the wherefore prevailing commercialize price of $4. 625. The newly- issued stock would not be conquer to the pledge of Perelman- possess Marvel stock that otherwise secured the bonds. The announcement of this self- traffic transaction was in no way foreshadowed by Marvels prior public statements and conflicted with the covenants in the indentures to the bonds.Therefore, the market prices of the bonds to decline suddenly as the collateral t hat support the bonds. Perelmans Marvel common stock holdings pre- proposed transaction was reduce from 80% of the equity in Marvel to less than 16%. The foothold of the prospective transaction required Marvel to increase the number of its outstanding shares to approximately 511. 6 million shares from 101. 8 million, diluting Marvel common stockholders and greatly reducing the value of the shares that were pledged as collateral for the bonds. So it greatly impaired and reduced the value of the bonds.In fac t, Marvel bondholders were divested of virtually the whole of their collateral while Perelman would go for 80% self-control of the firm, purchasing the newly- issued shares at grossly sub- market prices while preserving the ability to write off Marvels losse s against the report income in his other consolidated enterprises due to the maintenance of his 80% ownership of the firm. The price of Marvels zero- coupon bonds dropped also due to it did not adopt the expectation of the debt holders, who analyzed the b ond by fair value or future growth of the firm.In addition, the public would predict that the restructuring plan could not be colonized down so that the firm would have a very changeable future, even bankrupt. Thus, the price declined because a lot of debt holders could not bear the risk for getting nothing and sold out their debts. On Nov 8, 1996, Howard Gittis, vice prexy of Andrews Group, called Fidelity Investments and Putnam Investments, two of the largest institutional holders of Marvels public debt, and asked them what they would like to see in a restructuring plan.Portfolio managers at Fidelity and Putnam decided to divvy up more that $70 million of Marvel bonds at a price of $0. 37 per dollar of face value on the next day. The main reason for selling by the managers is the conversation among Howard Gittis and them, which caused the managers considering the result of restructuring plan. They believed the plan would disappoint the public depending on their professional judgment. Perhaps, during this conversation, they got both(prenominal) detail training of the plan which proved the present value of Marvels bonds was overvalued.It gave the chance for them to avoid tens of millions of additional losses in diminish value that would have followed and suffer t he time they continue to hold the bonds already existing facts were revealed. On the other hand, the managers may disordered about the downgrade of the bonds because the requirement of their portfolio allocation which constrained the percentage of the lower graded bonds or prohibited buying such bonds. Therefore, the bonds have to be sold to meet the requirement.MarvelBankruptcy and Restructuring at Marvel Entertainment Group Chen Ziqiang Wu Libin Lin Yingshuai Deng Linli Lim Yihao 2011/11/29 1. Why did Marvel file for Chapter 11? Were the proble ms caused by bad luck, bad strategy, or bad execution? We think that Marvel filed for Chapter 11 mainly due to its bad business strategy. Three o f its six b usiness lines, Trading cards, Stickers and Comic Books started facing the decline in sales after year 1993. There were two main reasons for this decline F irst, these businesses increasingly had to compete with a lternative forms of child entertainment (mainly video games).Second, the decline in sales was driven by disappointed collectors who had viewed comic books as a form of investment and stopped buying them as c ompany stopped increasing the prices. We believe that the company should have foreseen these events while performing a market research and forming a long- term business and financial strategy. The three unpromising business lines accounted to 61% of total revenues of a company in year 1995. At the same time, the companys financial strategy was based on extremely optimistic business expectations and was not suitable for unfavorable turn of demand for entertainment products towards video games.Due to its high leverage (52%), the company was not able to serve all the debt in case of sharply declining revenues. It is obvious that the company did not anticipate the cha nge in customers preferences and was wrong in prediction of market trends, focusing on cards, stickers and publishing business lines and leveraging itself. Moreover, in 1995 Marvin continued its leveraged expansion into entertainment cards b usiness acquiring Skybox. This decision was extremely imprudent, as the company was already on the threshold of financial distress and should have sought for high growth pportunities to expand in order to boost its revenues instead of adding debt to buy business whic h produces non- demanded products. Operating ratios Marvel Entertainment Group 1991 1992 1993 Sales 115. 1 223. 8 415. 2 Cost of Sales 58. 2 112. 6 215. 3 Cost of sales/ Sales 50. 6% 50. 3% 51. 9% SG&A 21. 4 43. 4 85. 3 SG&A/Sales 18. 6% 19. 4% 20. 5% Net Income 16. 1 32. 6 56 Net Income/Sales 14. 0% 14. 6% 13. 5% 1994 514. 8 275. 3 53. 5% 119. 7 23. 3% 61. 8 12. 0% 1995 823. 9 383. 3 46. 2% 231. 3 27. 9% 48. 4 5. 8% 1996 581. 2 372. 4 61. 4% 168 28. 9% 27. 9 4. 8%As can be seen in the table above, Marvels operating ratios dropped dramatically. The cost of Sales/Sales rose from 51% in 1991 to 62% in 1996, together with the SG&A expenses/Sales rising from 19% to 29%. Additionally Marvels Net Income/Sales dropped from 14% to 5%. Leverage ratios Marvel Entertainment Group 1991 1992 1993 Total Deb t 355,3 324,7 Shares outstanding 97,7 98,6 102,6 Share price 5 12 26 Market value of equity 488,5 1183,2 2667,6 Debt/ D+E 23,1% 10,9% EBITDA 35,5 67,8 114,6 EBITDA/SALES 30,8% 30,3% 27,6% Interest expenses 3,50 6,50 14,60 EBITDA/Interest 10,1 10,4 7,8 1994 585,7 103,7 16 1659,2 6,1% 119,8 23,3% 16,50 7,3 1995 934,8 101,3 12 1215,6 43,5% 214,7 25,9% 43,20 5,0 1996 977 101,8 4 407,2 70,6% 40,8 7,0% 42,70 1,0 Compare the management policy and the leverage ratios from that time together with its operating ratios, we believe Marvel made an extremely impudent move to acquire Skybox in 1995. While their operating margins where deteriorating and their leverage coverage ratio (EBITDA/Interest) where falling, they should have acquired a different policy. For all above stated reasons, we believe that the companys financial problems were caused mainly by bad strategy and poor management. . Evaluate the proposed restructuring plan. Will it solve the proble ms that caused Marvel to file Chapter 1 1? As Carl Icahn, the largest unsecured debt holder, would you vote for the proposed restructuring plan? Why or why not? A. ) We believe that the restructuring plan can only solve part of the problems that Marvel is facing. We also believe that the proposed restructuring plan will not solve the actual problems that Marvel is facing but only provide temporary relief to the company that is not sustainable.The proposed restructuring plan aims at providing liquidity to Marvel, lifting its debt burden and expanding its existing toy business. This is to be achieved by means of a recapitalization of the company through an emission of 427mn additional shares of common equity fo r a total value of USD 365mn. Additionally, the outstanding public debt of the company shall be retired with debt holders being paid in the shares that acted as collateral for their loans. With the proceeds of the emission and the lowered debt burden, Marvel is then supposed to acquire the remaining stake in ToyBiz, its toy manufacturer subsidiary.The recapitalization through the issue of 427mn new shares would solve the acute liquidity problems of the firm and the retirement of the firms public d ebt would lower the debt burden of the firm significantly. However, we believe that Marvel, under the proposed plan, would use its newly gained liquidity and flexibility to the wrong end. The acquisition of the remaining shares of ToyBiz would mean the continuation of an already ill- fated strategy that led to the current crisis.We therefore believe that the restructuring plan can only solve part of the problems that Marvel is facing. More precisely, the plan offers a solution for the symptoms of the underlying problems only. It solves the liquidity problem that caused Marvel to violate some of its debt covenants and it also lowers the companys debt burden. The core problem in our view, the business strategy of Marvel, is not abandoned but even pursued further. B. ) I would not you vote for the propos ed restructuring plan.The shares being p ledged to their bonds as collateral are valued largely lower now than they were when the bonds were first issued , which result in t hey can only recover a fraction of the face value of their bonds in the form of equity now and a breaking even again seems questionable. This argument does not necessarily hold for the investors who bought the deeply discounted bonds but given the valuat ion of Bear Stearns it is questionable whether they will recover their investment either. 3. How much is Marvels equity worth per share under the proposed restructuring plan assuming it acquires Toy Biz as planned?What is your assessment of the pro forma Financial projections and liquidation assumptions? Marvels current market price that is 2 dollars before restricting plan assuming it acquires Toy Biz as planned. Table 1 Debt/Equity Ratio With the aim to calculate Marvels equity with the proposed a cquisition of Toy Biz we used DCF model. As Debt/Equity ratios are stable (table 1), FCFE is used to calculate the cash flow with the following assumptions. Table 2 Assumptions Assume Discount Rate is equal to average Annual Return on Investments in Stocks from 1997 to 2001. *Annual Returns data is from histretSP. xls (http//pages. tern. nyu. edu/adamodar/New_Home_Page/Inv2ed. htm) Table 3 FCFE 401. 7million/528. 8 million = 0. 76 Dollars per share. It shows that Mr. Perelman pays 13. 3% premium for new shares (he pays 0. 85 dollars per share). M arvels liquidation value Table 4 Marvels liquidation value The liquidation value is 424. 7million via Chapter 7. 4. Will it be difficult for Marvel or other companies in the MacAndrews and Forbes holding company to issue debt in the future? The outstanding debt of Marvel has been downgraded by two rating agencies. In 1995 S and Moodys downgraded the holding companies debt from B to B- .In 1996 Moodys downgraded Marvels public debt. After that, Marvel had announced that it would violate specific bank lo an covenants due to decreasing revenues and profits. Downgrading of debt increases the change of default. After downgrading of debt, the process of probability to default increased substantially. The low credit rating indicates a high risk of defaulting on a loan and, hence leads to high interest rates or the refusal of a loan by the creditor. Investors realize this risk and therefore would demand a higher default premium. The increased default pre miums raised the cost of capital for the holding company.Given the increased risk premium and default possibilities, Marvel and other companies in the MacAndrews and Forbes holding group would having more difficulties issuing new debt in the future. Debt holders and creditors where raising questions about the integrity on the judgment decisions from Perelman. Judge Balick approved Marvel did not discriminate unfairly against non- affecting creditor classes and provided it was fair and equitable to all classes. In reaction, a lawyer challe nged the Bearn Sterns conclusions and insinuated Bearn Sterns had multiple levels of conflicts due to the contingency fee provided by Perelman.In the end even the Vice Chairman of the Andrew group had to come with a statement to overcome all the negative sounds in the market. Anyhow it looks like Perelmans reputation was damaged already. 5. Why did the price of Marvels zero-coupon bonds drop on Tuesday, Nov 12, 1996? Why did portfolio managers at Fidelity and Putnam sell their bonds on Friday, Nov 8,1996? On Nov 12, 1996, Marvels zero- coupon bonds fell by more than 50% when the spokesman for the Andrews Group announced the details of the proposed restructuring plan.According to the announcement, Perelman was to purchase, through Perelman- related entities, 410 million shares of newly- issued Marvel common for $0. 85 per share, 81% discount to the then prevailing market price of $4. 625. The newly- issued stock would not be subject to the pledge of Perelman- owned Marvel stock that otherwise secured the bonds. The announcement of this self- dealing transaction was in no way foreshadowed by Marvels prior public statements and conflicted with the covenants in the indentures to the bonds.Therefore, the market prices of the bonds to decline suddenly as the collateral t hat supported the bonds. Perelmans Marvel common stock holdings pre- proposed transaction was diluted from 80% of the equity in Marvel to less than 16%. The terms of the prospective transaction required Marvel to increase the number of its outstanding shares to approximately 511. 6 million shares from 101. 8 million, diluting Marvel common stockholders and greatly reducing the value of the shares that were pledged as collateral for the bonds. So it greatly impaired and reduced the value of the bonds.In fac t, Marvel bondholders were divested of virtually the whole of their collateral while Perelman would maintain 80% ownership of the firm, purchasing the newly- issued shares at grossly sub- market prices while preserving the ability to write off Marvels losse s against the reported income in his other consolidated enterprises due to the maintenance of his 80% ownership of the firm. The price of Marvels zero- coupon bonds dropped also due to it did not meet the expectation of the debt holders, who analyzed the b ond by fair value or future growth of the firm.In addition, the public would predict that the restructuring plan could not be settled down so that the firm would have a very uncertain future, even bankrupt. Thus, the price declined because a lot of debt holders could not bear the risk for getting nothing and sold out their debts. On Nov 8, 1996, Howard Gittis, vice chairman of Andrews Group, called Fidelity Investments and Putnam Investments, two of the largest institutional holders of Marvels public debt, and asked them what they would like to see in a restructuring plan.Portfolio managers at Fidelity and Putnam decided to sell more that $70 million of Marvel bonds at a price of $0. 37 per dollar of face value on the next day. The main reason for selling by the managers is the conversation between Howard Gittis and them, which caused the managers considering the result of restructuring plan. They believed the plan would disappoint the public depending on their professional judgment. Perhaps, during this conversation, they got some detail information of the plan which proved the present value of Marvels bonds was overvalued.It gave the chance for them to avoid tens of millions of additional losses in diminished value that would have followed and suffer t he time they continued to hold the bonds already existing facts were revealed. On the other hand, the managers may worried about the downgrade of the bonds because the requirement of their portfolio allocation which constrained the percentage of the lower graded bonds or prohibited buying such bonds. Therefore, the bonds have to be sold to meet the requirement.

Marketing Final Study Guide Essay

Chapter 11-Advertising, Integrated trade Communications, and the ever-changing Media Landscape 1. Integrated market placeing Communications (IMC) and the New Media Integrated Marketing Communications Approach designed to deliver one consistent marrow to buyers across an organizations packagings. TV, Radio, magazines, Internet, Phones Mobil Marketing Marketing Media that is available in variant places much(prenominal) as cell phones or on premixtures of ecstasy * Magazines, newspapers and televisions compete with internet, texting, mobile phones, blogs, YouTube, Facebook, and twitter. Out-of-home advertising Billboards, moveable promotions that be displayed in a broad range of public spaces including tray tables on airplanes, the inside of subways, trains, buses, and even in bathroom stalls. * As the media landscape changes, the money organizations spend on different types of communication will change as well 2. The Promotion (communication) fluffPromotion or Communication Mix Communication tools that may let in advertising, gross sales, promotions, public relations and publicity, psycheal tell oning, and select merchandise. Advertising A nitty-gritty that is paid for and sent to large groups of the population at one eon with an identified organization or brand ( crossing or service) being promoted * Advantages and disadvantages Radio, magazines, newspapers atomic number 18 portable. Radios have many a(prenominal) stations and are driving when listening. TV plurality get up or turn the station. Vehicle the detail means, such as a particular magazine or a specific television show, within a medium to reach a selected crisscross market. Personal Selling An interactive, personal, paid promotional approach between a buyer and a seller. (e.g. interviewing for a job, pampered chef, Mary Kay)Public Relations (PR) The operation of creating a positive image for a company, an offering, or a person via publicity.Sales promotion Other forms of promoti ons (coupons, contests, rebates, mail-in-offers) not included as a component of a communication mix. Trade promotions Sales promotions aimed at businesses in business-to-business marketing. (e.g. trade shows, sponsorships, event marketing, and special incentives given to sellers, such as tautological money, in-store displays, and prizes to market particular products and services) look at Marketing Delivering personalized promotional materials right away to individual consumers. Materials may be delivered via mail, catalogs, Internet, e-mail, or telephone, or in person. * Benefits expertness to position a specific set of customers, measure the return on investment, and test different strategies before implementing to all stubed consumers. Disadvantage Intrusive and many consumers ignore the attempts to reach them Telemarketing A form of direct marketing that involves contacting large number by phone.Do Not Call Registry schematic by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in 2008 , the service prevents organizations from work any phone turnings registered with the FTC Direct Mail A form of direct marketing that is mailed to consumers. It can be personalized and learn consumers to make a certain response. Catalogs are often part of direct mail campaigns. Call to action In direct marketing, requesting consumers to make a specific response such as a bargain for or a call for more information. Direct Response Advertising Direct marketing that includes an offer and a call to action (e.g. Call with bug out delay and receive a bonus package, internet provides the preferred direct-response medium because it is less(prenominal) expensive.) 3. The Promotion Mix, Communication, and Buyers Perceptions. Factors that Influence Selection of Promotion Mix* Budget uncommitted the budget available to market a product determines what elements of the promotion mix are utilized. Affects a promotions reach and frequency.Reach The number of people exposed to a messageFrequen cy How often people are exposed to a message* Stage in the product life cycle affects the type and amount of the promotion used. Products in intro. do needs more promotional dollars. * Type of product and type of purchase decision technical- personal selling to understand features. Advertising used to sell convenience goods and routine purchase items since customers are familiar with the product. * Target Market Characteristics and consumers readiness to purchase organizations essential understand how ready different target markets are to make purchases* Consumers Preferences for various media Research is done to find out how consumers want to be reached * Regulations, competitors, and environmental factors regulations can affect the type of promotion used (e.g. In U.S. tobacco products cant be publicise on TV) Strength of economy has an impact- weak economy organizations use sales promotions such as coupons (associated risk is consumers may start to expect coupons) * availabili ty of Media Plan promotions based on media availability. Crisis or Disasters can cut TV promotion slots. * Push versus Pull strategy Many manufactures use two strategiesPush Strategy A strategy in which businesses are the target of promotions to products get pushed through their marketing channels and sold to consumers. (e.g. displays in retail outlets for new products)Pull Strategy A strategy in which consumers are targeted with sales promotions such as coupons, contests, games, rebates, mail-in offers. (e.g. manufacturer promotes on TV and places coupons in the newspaper causing wholesalers and retailers to buy their product to meet consumer demand) Encode Senders must translate or convert benefits and value of a product or service into a message for the message channel selected. Decode Receivers pick up messages.Interference (noise) Any distractions or noise that senders and receivers face during the transmission of a message. (e.g. poor reception, poor print quality, problems with a server, low battery) Feedback Means of notice sellers you saw their information and wanted to try their product.

Describe the Fluid-Mosaic Model of a Plasma Membrane

Describe the suave-mosaic pretending of a plasma membrane. Discuss the role of the membrane in the feat of materials with it by each of the following processes a. Active raptus b. Passive head The plasma membrane is a semi permeable barrier that separates the privileged of the cell from the outside environment. The plasma membrane is made up of carbohydrates, cholesterol, proteins, and a lipid bilayer, or double layer of lipids. The plasma membrane whitethorn be known as a fluid mosaic model where the membrane is a fluid structure with various proteins embedded in or attached to the bilayer of phospholipids.The plasma membrane possesses hydrophilic tails and aquaphobic tails, which whitethorn be referred to as amphiphilic. in that location are various shipway that materials whitethorn pass through the membrane. Movement across the membrane may be classified into two divers(prenominal) categories, nonoperational carry and quick bring. Passive imparting does not require vitality to lapse. During passive transport the molecules result move from a place of high soaking up to a place of low concentration.In other words, the molecules are moving down their concentration gradient. A concentration gradient is the increase or decrease in the density of a chemical tenderness in an area. The three types of passive transport are diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. Diffusion is the tendency for molecules of any substance to overspread out into the available space. The plasma membrane is semi permeable so diffusion across the plasma membrane may only occur with a few substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and alcohol.Osmosis is the diffusion of water supply across a selectively permeable membrane. When osmosis occurs in the plasma membrane the molecules will move from hypotonic to hypertonic. Facilitated Diffusion is polar molecules and ions impeded by the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane diffusing passively with the help of transpor t proteins that span the membrane. The transport protein, aquaporins, will allow for water to diffuse passively. There are other transport proteins, such as glucose umps, that aid with the movement of materials. Active transport is movement across the membrane that does require life force to occur. ATP will supply the energy for bustling transport. During active transport, molecules will move from places of low concentration to places of high concentration. Active transport requires energy because it must transport the molecules against their concentration gradient. There are four different subdivisions of active transport, primary, secondary, endocytosis, and exocytosis.Primary active will manifest in the form of sure transport proteins that require energy to function, such as the sodium-potassium pump. Secondary active transport is another subdivision of active transport. During secondary active transport molecules may move by symtransport, which is particles moving in the same direction, or antitransport, which is particles moving in the opposite direction. Primary and secondary active transport is utilized for small particles to be transported across the plasma membrane.Endocytosis is the cellular inlet of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle. Endocytosis is for materials that may be get into the cell. Endocytosis may be completed by phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Phagocytosis is a cell engulfing a particle by wrapping pseudopodia around it and packaging it within a membrane-enclosed sac to be digested. Pinocytosis is a cell gulping droplets of extracellular fluid into tiny vesicles.Receptor-mediated endocytosis is the movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in. Receptor-med iated endocytosis is complete(a) with the help of hormones. Exocytosis is the cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. Exocytosis is for materials that may be exiting the cell. Exocytosis may also be referred to as secretion or excretion. Secretion is the expulsion of digestive enzymes while excretion is the expulsion of waste.

Comperative Analysis Bt Airtel Voda Phone

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I . , sincerely thankful to al unitary those mint who hit been prominent me both(prenominal)kind of assistance in the devising of this be after proclaim. I chat my gratitude to , who has by with(predicate) her vast k straight offadaysledge andk immediatelyledge has been able to guide me, some(prenominal) ably and successfully towards thecompletion of the realize. I express my gratitude to Sri Balaji College of Engineering &Technology, JaipurI would hereby, gift intimately of the opportunity by expressing my sincerest thanks to lonesome(prenominal)(prenominal)my faculties whose teachings gave me conceptual go steadying and clarity ofcomprehension, which ultimately made my job ofttimes(prenominal) easy.Credit in both case goes to t appear ensemble myfri preserves whose encouragement kept me in ingenuous stead. Their continuous house hasgiven me the strength and confidence to complete the project with get both difficulty. Last of excl usively and non the least I would like to ack without delayledge my gratitude to thitherspondents without whom this s add would prolong been incomplete. I am alike thankful to authority of Airtel & Vodaf hotshot for providing me the information. inwardness 1. Acknowledgement 2. Contents 3. resolving power 4. to a greater extentoverts of the count 5. introduction of the topic tele discourse sphere in India Airtel Vodafone Background club profile of Airtel The magic comparing amidst food commercializeplaceing dodging of Bharti Airtel and Vodafone 6. Re await orderology Type of investigate methodological compend information collection method system of collection 7. Data Analysis and Interpretation 8. Swat analysis 9. Suggestion & Conclusion 10. Recommendations 11. Biblio interprety 12. Questionnaire Declaration I, .. Being a student of MBA(HR & MKT) 5th Trimester of School of Business, ITM university, Gwalior Hereby decl atomic image 18s that the proje ct report under prenomen Comparative Analysis of commercialiseing St sendgies of Vodafone & Airtel. Is my hold act as it is the analysis of the whopping scale sector of communication. This project involves the big scale divine expediency involved in telecommunication sector entirelyow ford by Airtel and Vodafone to its clients. The survey was conducted so as to analyze the big scale sector prevailing in the current industry and the improvement that force out be made upon it. All sympathize with has been taken to keep this report defect free and I sincerely regret for both unintended discrepancies that readiness bear crept into this report. I sh all in all be laid-backly obliged if errors (if any) be brought to my attention.Thank You clinical OF THE STUDY Every organization has to hit its organization goals. For this it is very substantial for an organization to know about the view of consumers and their competitive reapings. This survey trip upk may be in like manner aimed as to estimate likely briber for the product. The objective of the study is as under- 1. To identify the difference between trade performance of Airtel industry and Vodafone. 2. To study the mart of Airtel Industry and Vodafone on big scale telecommunication sector. 3.To comp ar various parameters of merchandise st localizegies, manufacturing process, applied science adopted production policy, advertising, collaboration, merchandise scenario, future prospect for the two companies and governing policies. 4. To study customer buying behavior and f performers which influence the corrupt finale process. 5. To know how the go with has been successful in encountering the aggressive trade strategies of competitors. pic pic telecommunication sector In India Than 125 jillion promises net graze is one of the largest communication nets in demesne, which continues to grow at a blistering pace.The rapid gain in the telecom sector discharge be attri scarcelyed to the various pro-active and un agental policy measures taken by the government as good as the dynamic and entrepreneurial impression of the various telecom profit suppliers two in private and public sector. The telecom sector has shown impressive step-up during the past decade. Today, more Two striking features of this growth viz. change magnitude favourence for bustling call ins and higher contri exception of private sector in the incremental growth swallow pre dominated the telecom sector.The sell of roving phones (including WLL liquid) has overtaken the sh be of landlines with 62% in the check do of phones. The private sectors contri providedion is also increasing rapidly. Currently more than 30 lakh phones be existence added each month and it is tar encountered that by the end of 2010 the get issue of phones may benefit a level of350 zillion taking the tele- niggardness to more than 30% which is currently at 24. 63%. Net locomote Expansion The issue for th number of telephone proofreaders has reached 281. 62million at the end of January 2010 as compared to 232. 7 million in July 2009. The overall Tele density has addd to 23. 63% in January 2010 as compared to 21. 20% in August2009. Wire slight Service The wireless fraction power saw a surge of 78. 77 million subscribers last month compared to 78. 17 million in Mar. 2010. This pushed the nitty-gritty wireless subscribers base to 282. 40 million by Apr. 31 2010. Wire line Subscribers The wire line segment subscriber base stood at 39. 73 million with a return of 0. 16 million at the end of Apr. 2010. Tele density The gross subscriber base reached 206. 83 million at the end of March 2009.The Tele density is 24. 63%at the end of Apr. 2010 as compared to 18. 31% at the end of March 2009, registering an increase of 6%. Increasing Role of Private Sector The private sector has played a signifi great dealt role in the growth of telecom sector. The deal out of private sector has grown to 85 per cent in December2009 from 64. 14 per cent in November 2008. Tariff Rebalancing Measures thither has been a dramatic fall in the dutys due to increased competition. The depresseder limit effective charges for local anesthetic calls rush fallen con emplacementrably in late(a) months peculiarly for cellular usefulness.The enormous outer space domestic as come up as external charges check also fallen considerably. Telecom restrictive Authority of India (TRAI) TRAI was established under the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 enacted on March 28, 1997. The goals and objectives of TRAI are focussed towards providing a regulatory framework that facilitates motion of the objectives of New Technology Policy (NTP) 1999. TRAI has endeavored to encourage greater corporation in the telecom sector unneurotic with better quality and affordable prices.AIRTEL Airtel is a filth of telecommunication function in India channelised by Bharti Airtel. Airtel is the lar gest cellular service provider in India in terms of number of subscribers. Bharti Airtel owns the Airtel place and provides the spare- m activity go under the give away name Airtel runny Services ( utilize GSM Technology), broadband& Telephone Services (Fixed line, net profit Connectivity (DSL) and Leased Line, Airtel Digital TV, Airtel cash ), persistent Distance Services and Enterprise Services (Telecommunications consulting for corporate).It has presence in all 23 circles of the country and covers 71% of the current population (as of FY07). Leading internationalist telecommunication companies much(prenominal) as Vodafone and SingTel held partial stakes in Bharti Airtel. VODAFONE Vodafone Essar, previously Hutchison Essar is a cellular operator in India that covers 16telecom circles in India Despite the authorised name being Vodafone Essar, its products are simply fooled Vodafone. It nominates both prepay and post remunerative GSM cellular phone coverage by means ofout India and is especially b treatto in the major metros.Vodafone Essar provides 2G serve base on 900 megacycle and 1800 megacycle per second digital GSM technology, pass office and data service in 16 of the countrys 23 license eye sockets. Vodafone Essar, previously Hutchison Essar is a cellular operator in India that covers 16telecom circles in India . Despite the official name being Vodafone Essar, its products aresimply grassed Vodafone. It offers both prepaid and postpaid GSM cellular phone coverage throughout India and is especially strong in the major metros.Vodafone Essar provides 2G services establish on 900 MHz and 1800 MHz digital GSM technology, offering voice and data services in 16 of the countrys 23 license areas. INTRODUCTION OF THE division BACKGROUND The project is an extensive report on how the Airtel familiarity commercialize places its strategies and how the keep fellowship has been able in tackling the present tough competition and how it is scooping up by the allegations of the quality of its products. The report begins with the history of the products and the introduction of the Airtel Company.This report also contains the fundamental commercializeing strategies that are employ by the Airtel Company of manufacturing process, technology, production policy, advertising, collaboration, export scenario, future prospect and government policies. The report includes some of the cay striking features of market trend issues. In instantlys ball of vehement fierce competition, it is very essential to non save exist but also to excel in the market. Todays market is tremendously more complex. Hence forth, to perish in the market, the companionship not exclusively inescapably to maximize its profit but also needs to see its customers and should try to build upon from there.COMPANY PROFILE OF AIRTEL Vision As we spread fly to expand our capabilities and explore red-hot horizons, the fundamental focus remains same (predicate) seek out the best technology in the world and chuck it at the service of ourultimate exploiter our customer. These are the premise on which Bharti Enterprises has based its entire plan of action. Bharti Enterprises has been at the forefront of technology and has revolutionized telecommunications with its world-class products and services. completed in 1985, Bharti has been a pioneering force in the telecom sector.With many graduations and innovations to its credit, ranging from being the kickoff brisk service in Jaipur, prototypical private staple fiber telephone service provider in the country, first Indian ships company to provide comprehensive telecom services outside India in Seychelles and first private sector service provider to launch National long Distance Services in India. Bharti had close to 3. 21 million total customers nighly2. 88 million planetary and 334,000 fixed line customers. Its services sector product linees include unstable operatio ns in Andhra Pradesh, Chennai, Jaipur, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala,Kolkata, Madhya Pradesh circle, Maharashtra circle, Mumbai, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh (West) circle. In addition, it also has fixed-line operations in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Jaipur, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and nationally broadband and long distance networks. Bharti has recently launched national long distance services by offering data contagious disease services and voice transmission services for calls originating and terminating on most of Indias agile networks. The Company is also implementing a submarine cable project refering Chennai-capital of Singapore for providing international band width.Bharti Enterprises also manufactures and exports telephone terminals and cordless phones. Apart from being the largest manufacturer of telephone peckers, it is also the first telecom company to export its products to the USA. Bharti Tele-Ventures st rategic objective is to capitalize on the growth opportunities that the Company believes are purchasable in the Indian telecommunications market and consolidate its position to be the leading corporate telecommunications services provider in key markets in India, with a focus on providing rambling services. The Company has developed the following strategies to fulfil its strategic objective - Focus on maximizing revenues and margins Capture utmost telecommunications revenue potential with minimum geographical coverage Offer multiple telecommunications services to provide customers with a one-stop shop solution Position itself to tap data transmission opportunities and offer advanced nimble data services Focus on satisfying and retaining customers by ensuring high level of customer satisfaction supplement strengths of its strategic 98*/and monetary partners and Emphasize on human imagination development to attain operational efficiencies. BusinessesBharti Tele-Ventur es current businesses include Mobile services, Airtel M Fixed-line National and international long distance services VSAT, lucre services and Network solutions. Broadband services with DSL and Wi-Fi network Competitive Strengths- Bharti Tele-Ventures believes that the following elements entrust contribute to the Companys success as an integrated telecommunication services provider in India and forget provide the Company with a solid foundation to execute its business scheme across the country Footprint approximately 92% of Indias total spry subscribers resided in the Companys fifteen mobile circles.These 23 circles collectively accounted for approximately 56% of Indias land mass Focus on telecommunications to change the Company to better anticipate industry trends and capitalize on bran- unsandedfound telecommunications-related business opportunities. The strong brand name recognition and a write up for offering high quality service to its customers Quality mana gement police squad with vision and proven execution skills and The Companys strong relationships with international strategic and financial investors such as SingTel, Warburg Pincus, International Finance Corporation, Asiatic Infrastructure Fund Group and New York Life Insurance.Brand Architecture Bharti is workings on a complex three-layered branding architecture to Create ad hoc brands for each service, Build sub-brands within each of these services and Use Bharti as the m separate brand providing the throng its corporate identity as well as defining its goal to break down a national constructor of telecoms infrastructure. pic pic Airtel The flagship brand for cellular operations all across the Indian country. Touchtel The brand earmarked for basic service operations. India ane The brand for national long distance (NLD) telephonyThough the monetary values of creating sore brands are heavy but the theme wants to piss distinct independent brands to court differen t customers and profiles. Brand Strategy To hear the brand strategy, lets first nip at the brand building use associated with Airtel a brand that had to be repositioned recently to name new-sprung(prenominal) needs in the market. When the brand was launched seven days ago, cellular telephony wasnt a mass market by any means. For the average consumer, owning a cellular phone was expensive as tariff rates (at Rs 8 a minute) as well as instrument prices were steep some seasons as much as buying a second-handcar.Bharti could have addressed the customer by rationally explaining to him the economic receipts of use a mobile phone. however Sachdev says that such a strategy would not have worked for the simple reason that the pass judgment from using the phone at the time was not commensurate with the cost. Instead of the value-proposition model, we decided to address the sensory benefit it gave to the customer as the main selling tack. The liking was to become a badge value bran d, he explains. So the Airtel leaders serial campaign was launched showing successful men with their laptops and in their luxurious cars using the mobile phone.In simple terms, it meant Airtel was positioned as an inspirational brand that was meant for leaders, for customers who stood out in a crowd. Did it work? Repeated surveys following the launch showed that there were three core benefits that were clearly associated with the brand leadership, dynamism and performance. These were valuable qualities, but they only took Airtel far ample to establish its presence in the market. As tariffs started dropping, it became necessary for Airtel to appeal to a wider audience.And the various brand- tracking operations showed that despite all these good things, there was no emotional dimension to the brand it was perceived as cold, distant and efficient. Sachdev and his team realized that in a business in which customer relationships were the core this could be a major weakness. The re ason with tariffs equal to competitor Vodafone telecomm and roughly the same level of service and schemes, it had now become important for Bharti to humanize Airtel and use that relationship as a major differentiation.The brand had become something like Lufthansa cold and efficient. What they needed was to become Singapore Airlines, efficient but also human. A change in tack was important because this was a time when the cellular market was changing. The leadership series was okay when you were wooing the creme de la creme of society. Once your eached them you had to expand the market so there was need to address to new customers. By that time, Bharti was already the leading cellular subscriber in Jaipur with a base of 3. 77 lakh (it now has 1. 8 million customers).And with tariffs becoming more affordable as cell companies started cutting prices it was time to expand the market. How could Bharti leverage this leadership position down the value chain? Surveys showed that the co ncept of leadership in the customers minds was also changing. Leadership did not mean luffive subordinates to execute orders but to work along with a team to achieve common objectives it was, once more, a relationship game that needed to be reflected in the Airtel brand. Also, a survey showed that 50 per cent of the new customers choose a mobile hone brand mostly through word-of-mouth endorsements from friends, family or colleagues. Thus, exist customers were an important tool for market expansion and Bharti now foc employ on building closer relationships with them. That is precisely what the brand tried to achieve through its new berth under the Airtel Touch Tomorrow brand campaign. This set of campaigns portrayed mobile users surrounded by caring family members. Says Sachdev The new campaign and positioning was designed to highlight the relationship angle and deal the brand softer and more tender. As it looks to expand its cellular services nationwide to eight new circles a part from the seven in which it already operates Bharti is now realizing that there are new compulsions to rework the Airtel brand, and a new exercise is being launched to this effect. Right now, the company is un resulting to discuss the new positioning in detail. But broadly, the focus is on positioning Airtel as a power brand with numerous regional sub-brands reflecting customer needs in various parts of the country.Airtel is becoming more humane and more sensitive as a brand, Bharti has also understood that one common brand for all cellular operations might not always work in urban markets that are now getting increasingly saturated. To trifle in new customers, the company decided that it needed to segment the market. One such experiment, launched last year, is You topia, a brand aimed at the youth in the 14 to 19 age bracket and for those who are young at tit. With its earlier positioning, Airtel was perceived as a brand for the booming older customer there was nothing for younger the great unwashed.With Youtopia, Airtel hoped to reverse that. In order to deliver the concept, Airtel offered rock interpenetrate tariff rates (25 paise for 30 seconds) at night to Youtopia customers a time when they afford the maximal number of calls. It also setup merchandising exercises around the scheme like a special portal for young people to buy things or cutter for goods. The company is now looking at offering former(a)wise services at affordable prices to this segment which include music downloads on the mobile and bundling SMS rates with normal calls to touch it shabbyer for young people to use.The early(a) experiment that Bharti has worked on is to go in for product divider through the Tango brand name. The brand was created to offer mobile users cyberspace-interface services or what is known as WAP (Wireless Application Protocol). The stem was to bring Internet and mobile in perfect harmony. The name was chosen from the popular movie title It Take s Two to Tango basically, you need the two services to tango to offer customers a new choice, says Sachdev. This, however, had less to do with the branding exercise as with inefficiency of service (accusingly slow download speeds) and the limited utility of WAP services.Subsequently, the ads were withdrawn, but the company re-iterated that the branding exercise could be revived because Tango entrust be the brand to offer GPRS services or permanent Internet connectivity on the mobile phone which Airtel is pass judgment to launch soon. THE MAGIC possibly the more ambitious experiment has been with conjuring the pre-paid measure. The idea was to nark the brand affordable, accessible and, most importantly, feasible as a means of expanding the market even faster. PHASE I delusion was aimed at bringing in infrequent users of a mobile phone into the market and assure him that he would have to pay only if he made a call.Such a customer used the phone sparingly mostly for emerge ncies and was not willing to pick up a normal mobile connection with its relatively high rentals (pre-paid card do not include rental charges). To achieve its objectives Bharti did three things. One, the product was made ready(prenominal) at prices ranging from Rs 300 to Rs 3,000 with no strings attached and was simple to operate. Two, the product was made accessible and distributed through menial stores, telephone booths and even kirana shops so that the offering was well within arms reach. Third, to make the product more approachable to the customer, the company came with chamfer ad campaigns Like deception Daalo Say Hello which appealed to local sensibilities. This apart, the company roped in Karisma Kapoor and Shah Rukh Khan for a major ad campaign all across Jaipur, a ruse that saw the number of subscribers go up from 5. 47 lakh to 1. 2 million to days, overtaking Essars branded pre-paid card Speed, which was launched much ahead of caper. The company is now re-workin g its fantasy strategy even further.Earlier, the branding strategy was aimed at roping in only interested customers that is, customers who were already inclined to opt for mobile services. But now, with basic service providers having been allowed limited mobility at far shoddyer rates, mobile service providers could find themselves under threat again. That is why the new exercise is aimed at co-opting non-adopters. While the exact strategy is under wraps, insiders say the new branding strategy would be aimed at offering them value which they had not perceived would be available from using a pre-paid card.PHASE II Bharti used Airtel in standtation to build a strong value proposition and step on it market expansion through Indias first national pre-paid card TV brand campaign First time ever in India any pre-paid card brand goes on TV A combination of the select genre exposed through the TV medium designed to connect with the masses of India Youth based romance driven stra tegy program makes the value proposition of Airtel Magic Mumkin Hai come alive All elements user imagery, con textual matter, tone & language created to connect the category to the lives of the minute B & SEC C segment the warmness class non-mobile user Airtel Magic positions itself on the platform of being excellent for emergency situations increasing productivity as a part of everyday life. Sharukh Khan makes everything in life potential while romancing pretty Kareena Kapoor with Airtel Magic, Indias leading pre-paid mobile card. Airtel today unveil its strategy for market expansion with the launch of its new Airtel Magic pre-paid card brand campaign Magic hai to Mumkin hai. The strategy is purposeed at the non- user. Segment delineate as young adults, 15-30 historic uttermost of age in the Sec B & C segment is aimed at accelerating market expansion.The value proposition is relate around a persons desire to make all his / her dreams, ambitions & aspirations instant ly executable. The new campaign for Airtel Magic is all about empowering millions of Indians to be on top of their lives. The brand is positioned to be relevant to the mass-market who want to make all their dreams, hopes & desires come alive instantly. (At just Rs. 300/- per month Airtel Magic is so easy to buy. ) Improving productivity, letting you be friend the world and opening up new horizons. It gives you the freedom to control your life in a way never possible before.Indeed, anything that you think is possible is possible with Airtel Magic. The new brand slogan Magic hai to Mumkin hai has been specially created to capture this effectively. This strategy is designed to help us talk to this segment directly in the tone, manner & language ofthe masses. The Mumkin hai value proposition will help us expand the market and gain a higher percentage of market shares in the process. The brand ambassadors Shahrukh Khan and Kareena Kapoor embody this can do or MumkinHai spirit (infact t hat is the reason they were selected as brand ambassadors).Sharukh rose froma TV actor to become Indias top film star and national heartthrob. Kareenas success is due to herattitude, talent, hard work and the sheer king to make a mark in such a in brief time. Both thesestars have said Mumkin hai and made it happen for themselves. The genre of this new strategy & campaign is Hindu cinema led. This genre connects millions across India. The spirit of romance, dancing the Indian cinema, well known to most as Bollywood, holds millions of Indians together as one.The new TV campaign of Airtel Magic crafted in the Hindi film idiom, magnifies the empowering optimism of Mumkin Hai, in the endearing situation of a boy-girl romance. Where Sharukh Khan, sets his eyes on Kareena Kapoor and wins her love with the help of Airtel Magic. (Poignantly conveying that special feeling we all get when a dream is made possible and a victory of the heart is won). The strategy & new brand campaign is target ed at the large untapped base of intending mobile customers from Sec A, B & C. The estimated addressable market of such customers in the next two years is around 25 million in Airtels 16 states.The new strategy aims at correcting the perception that the mobile category is useful mainly for business or work related scenarios. The new strategy, brand positioning & brand slogan is an emergence of an extensive nationwide research and is an integral part of Airtel Magics new multi-media campaign. The campaign has been created by Percept Advertising. PHASE III Bharti used Airtel Magic to build a strong value proposition and accelerate market expansion through Indias first national pre-paid card TV brand campaign First time ever in India any pre-paid card brand gives such freedom to recharge any value A combination of the film genre exposed through the TV medium designed to connect with the masses of India Youth based romance driven strategy platform makes the value proposition of A irtel Magic Aisi azaadi aur kahan? come alive Sharukh Khan Makes everything in life possible Airtel today unveiled its strategy for market expansion with the launch of its new Airtel Magic pre-paid card brand campaign Magic Hai to Mumkin Hai. . The value proposition is have-to doe with on a persons desire to make all his / her dreams, ambitions & aspirations instantly possible.The new campaign for Airtel Magic is all about empowering millions of Indians to be on top of their lives. The brand is positioned to be relevant to the mass-market who want to make all their dreams, hopes & desires come alive instantly . At a add of your choice you can recharge your account with available validity time . Improving productivity, letting you befriend the world and opening up new horizons. It gives you the freedom to control your life in a way never possible before. Indeed, anything that you think is possible is possible with Airtel Magic.The new brand slogan Aisi azadi aur kahan has been specially created to capture this effectively. Other Brand Building Initiatives- The main idea is to stay ahead of competition for at least six months. working(a) on the to a higher place game plan Bharti is constantly coming up with newer product offerings for the customers. The focus, of course, is to offer better quality of service. To make the service simpler for customers using roaming facilities, Airtel has devised common numbers for subscribers across the country for services like customer care, food services and cinema amongst others. It will also launch a unified thrill dust across circles so, customers moving from one place to another do not have to close and then again open new accounts at another place. To assist customer care personnel to deal with subscriber queries, a storehouse of 40,000 frequently asked questions and their coifs have been stored on the computers. Bharti expects that most of its new customers (one estimate is that it would be 60 to 70 per cen t of the total new subscriber base) would come from the pre-paid card segment. So, they mustiness be given value-added products and services which competitors dont provide. Bharti, for the first time for a cellular operator, has decided to offer roaming services even to its pre-paid customers, but the facility would be limited to the region in which they buy the card. To visualize that customers dont migrate to other competing services (which is known as churn and ranges from 10 to 15 per cent of the customer base every month), the company is also working on a loyalty program. This will offer subscribers tangible cash benefits depending upon their usage of the phone. The loyalty program will not be only for a badge value, it will provide real benefits to customers. The idea is to create an Airtel community. Another key area which Bharti is concentrating its attention upon is a new roaming service launched in Jaipur under which calls of a roaming subscriber who is visiting the ci ty will be routed directly to his mobile kinda of traveling via his home network The company also offers multi-media communicate transcriptions under which customers having a specialized phone with a in-built camera can take motion-picture shows and e-mail it to friends or store it in the phone. The cost per picture is between Rs 5 to Rs 7 . Bharti is also sensitive that it has to make owning a ready-to-use cellular service much easier than it is today.A key area is to increase the number of activation centers. Earlier Bharti had 250 Airtel Connect stores which were exclusive outlets (for its services) and about 250 Airtel Points which were kiosks in bigger shops. Now activation can be done by all of them, and not only by Connect outlets, all within 15 to 20 minutes. In equation, the competition takes two to four hours. Pre- paid cards are really catching up with the mobile phone users and it is really helping the market to increase. First, they are easier to obtain and con venient to use. Unlike post-paid, one need not pay security deposits for picking up a pre-paid card.It is often available even with paanwalas. As befits a fast-moving consumer service, the game is now moving beyond price to expanding distribution reach and servicing a well-spread-out clientele with technology and strategic alliances. Bharti is focusing on two factors to make pre-paid cards more attractive. Keeping the entry cost low for consumers and devising recharging more convenience. Bharti is in the process of launching a new system in alliance with Mumbai-based Company Venture InfoTech which will enable a pre-paid card user to renew his subscription by just swiping a card.The system will not only save users the hassle of handout out and buying a card every time it expires but also enable mobile companies to reduce the cost of printing and distributing cards. Bharti Tele ventures has tied up with Waiter on wheels, a company delivering food. at home, to reach its Magic pre-p aid cards to subscribers doorsteps. The company is also joining hands with local food market shops which will enable users to recharge their cards by just making a phone call to the shop. Apart from up the convenience of recharging, mobile operators are beefing up their distribution channels.The company is constantly innovating to enhance the value proposition for its pre-paid service. They are leveraging technology to expand their distribution network and deliver round-the-clock recharge options to its MOTS (Mobile on the Spot) subscribers. Bharti Cellular has also launched a special service, caveat Touch, for high-value, corporate customers, providing them with instant, single-point access for any assistance they require. Customers can dial 777 and enjoy a slew of services, which includes easier payment of bills, service on priority basis, and value-added services without any additional paper work.Bharti. Cellular is offering a range of services without going through an synerg etic voice recorder ensuring that they save time. Dedicated Care Touch executives are expected to assist customers with any service on priority basis. Besides the constant proactive reminder calls for bill payment, customers can also call Care Touch for bill payments at free of cost. Airtel presented MTV Inbox - the first on-air SMS based synergistic music dedication show exclusively for Airtel and Airtel Magic customers. Highly interactive VJ based show with real time feedback mechanism.Both brands joined hands to target the high growth youth segment. Bhartis View on its Branding strategy - First, brand building efforts in todays context have to be seen in a more holistic manner. Delivering value on a sustained basis is perhaps the most potent key to build a brand that lasts. Unflinching orientation to customer needs is the second key success factor. Customers (be it for industrial products or consumer goods and services) across the world are more informed and, at the same time, becoming more individualistic in their needs and far more demanding with the passage of time.Pro-active tracking of shifts in consumer behavior, anticipating redefined or emerging customer needs, and then reacting in real-time are essential to attract and retain customer loyalty a key element of creating brand equity in the present situation. Customizing the product (and communication of its benefit) to meet the specific needs of various consumer/customer sub-segments is the tierce element in creating brand appreciation. As far as assignation of time and financial resources are interested, too many companies mistake nly deal a disproportionate amount on mere advertising and progression.This is not to say that advertising and promotion are less relevant. On the contrary, with more choices and higher media clutter, businesses need to budget for an increasingly higher kick the bucket on their brand promotion but this has to be undertaken in tandem with enterprise-wide reengineeri ng of the business philosophy and core design, production, and delivery operations for the product itself. The positive twirl to this argument is that by first addressing the fundamentals, the enterprise itself becomes more competitive.This can be the beginning of a virtuous cycle wherein brand equity continues to increase as the enterprise sustains delivery of an appropriate product or service at an ever increasing value. It is, however, crucial to note that in the years to come, not only will the cost of building a regional or a national (or an international) brand will continue to rise but also the time. taken to do so will be longer and will need sustained and focused efforts. Comparison of merchandising strategies Between Bharti Airtel and Vodafone. Purpose of comparison The sub main purpose of this report is to compare the marketing Strategies adopted by Bharti Airtel and its rival Vodafone The comparison shows how both of the companies have been challenging each other to g ain market shares. why comparison with vodafone Bharti Airtel is the leader in telecommunication sector. Bharti Airtel holds the lion share of market of communication sector. However, Vodafone has been giving tough competition to Bharti Airtel. Vodafone is the second largest player and share holder in Communication sector. Since its launch Vodafone has been adopting aggressive marketing strategies. The comparison shows how Hutchison Essar Telecom. Captured 22% market share in one month of its first launch of postpaid subscription in 2002. AD. With a different technology Vodafone creates its own market. Vodafone Today deals in every business of communication sector. . Vodafone making and changing the strategies to capture the market shares Brand positioning by Bharti Airtel market place segmentation Geographical segment (metropolitans & cities India & Out of Country) Demographic segment middle income classifys mountain age group of 20 to 28 year objective lens marketi ng People who living in cities and towns. Poor or middle income group people. Youngsters in big cities. Businessmen Positioning Creating brands (Sharukh khan, Sachin Tendulker, Saif ali Khan and Karina Kapoor. and so on ) Ads and promotions ( Jo Tera Hai Wo Maira hai Har Ek takeoff booster Jaroori Hota hai) Promotion for study of poor childrens. Marketing mix hurt low price strategy Place maximum outlets and service centers Product verities available for various groups(Airtel Pre Paid, Airtel DigitalTV, Airtelmoney) Promotion various schemes for pre-paid and post-paid and Broad curing andMARKETING STRATEGIES OF VODAFONE. Vodafone target the rural India The main targeted customers of Vodafone are from rural India. By offering cheap and light mobile sets Vodafone attracts most of the customers of small villages and towns. Offering cheap handsets Vodafone offers cheap and free connections to all customers. The cost for these sets was Rs-799-849-1099set and onward. Free permit and services In every district and big towns Vodafone opens its service centers to provide better support and services. Strong logistics and ply chain Vodafone has a strong logistic and supply all over India.In every small town the potential customers can easily purchase the Vodafone SIM & Sets. Targeting youngsters in metropolitans Vodafone attracts youngsters by offering colorful handset at very low prices. BRAND POSITIONING BY VODAFONE Market segmentation Geographical segment (rural India) Demographic segment middle income groups Target marketing People living in small towns and villages. Poor and middle income groups. Youngsters in big cities. Businessmen Positioning Creating brands Ads and promotions Marketing mix Price low price strategy Place maximum outlets and service centersProduct verities available for various groups Promotion various schemes for pre-paid and post-paid Services provided by Bharti Airtel Mobile services with GSM technology (Prepaid) Airtel Dig ital TV (DTH) Airtel Money ( M handicraft Mobile Wallet) Fixed-line connections National and international long distance services VSAT, Internet services, Hello Tunes and network solutions Broadband services Services provided by Vodafone. mobile services with GSM technology fixed-line telephone services Universal Internetworking VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) Interactive Television Visual Communication Broadband Portal telecommuting RESEARCH method actingOLOGY Achieving accuracy in any research requires a deep study regarding the subject. The prime objective of the project is to compare Airtel with the existing competitor (Vodafone) in the market and the bear on of WLL on Airtel. The research methodology adopted is basically based on primary data via which the most recent and accurate piece of first hand information could be collected. Secondary data has been used to support primary data wherever needed. Primary data was collected using the following techniques Questionnaire Method unionise Interview Method and Observation Method The main tool used was, the questionnaire method. Further direct hearing method, where a face-to-face formal interview was taken. Lastly observation method has been continuous with the questionnaire method, as one perpetually observes the surrounding environment he works in. Type of Research Methodology EXPLORATORY TYPE OF RESEARCH CARRIED OUT WAS EXPLORATORY IN constitution THEOBJECTIVE OF SUCH RESEARCH IS TO DETERMINE THE APPROXIMATE AREAWHERE THE DRAWBACK OF THE COMPANY LIES AND ALSO TO trace THECOURSE OF ACTION TO SOLVE IT.FOR THIS PURPOSE THE INFORMATION PROVEDUSEFUL FOR GIVING RIGHT soupcon TO THE COMPANY. DATA appeal METHOD THERE TWO TYPE OF METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION. prime DATA SECONDARY DATA Primary data was collected using the following techniques Questionnaire Method Direct Interview Method and Observation Method The main tool used was, the questionnaire method. Further direct interview method, where a face- to-face formal interview was taken. Lastly observation method has been continuous with the questionnaire method, as one continuously observes the surrounding environment he works in.DATA USED FOR THE RESEARCH WORK WAS PRIMARY IN NATURE. PRIMARY DATA PRIMARY DATA IS THAT WHICH IS THE COLLECTED FOR THE FIST TIME AND frankincense HAPPEN TO BE ORIGINATED IN CHARACTER. QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY IN THE STUDIES A QUESTIONNAIRE IS PREPARED. THE QUESTIONNAIRE CONSISTS OF 15 QUESTIONS. SECONDARY DATA SECONDARY DATA REFER TO THE DATA THAT HAS BEEN already COLLECTED . THE SECONDARY DATA, WHICH HAS BEEN USED TO CARRY OUT THIS STUDY, ARE AS FOLLOW BOOKS, JOURNALS, MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS INDUSTRY REPORTS COMPANYS INTERNET SITE SOMEOTHER relevant STUDY MATERIAL AND WEBSITES.. SAMPLE UNIT GWALIOR & URBEN UNITTHE RESEARCH PROCESS WAS make BY INTERACTING WITH NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS DURING THE ACTIVITIES PERFORMED, WHICH INCLUDED, MARKETS, COLD CALLING, CANOPIES, ETC. SAMPLE DESIGN CONSISTS OF hit-or-miss SAMPLING. SAMPLE SIZE 50 PEOPLE SIZE METHOD OF COLLECTION FIELD PROCEDURE FOR GATHERING PRIMARY DATA INCLUDED manifestation AND INTERVIEW SCHEDULE IN WHICH THE QUESTIONNAIRES WERE FILED BY THE INTERVIEWER. PERSONAL INTERVIEWS THROUGH ego ADMINISTERED SURVEY WAS DONE TO COLLECT THE DATA, MARKET RESEARCH WAS UNDERTAKEN, THAT WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY PERFORMING VARIOUS ACTIVITIES DESIGNED. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT QUESTIONNAIRETHE QUESTIONNAIRE WAS FORMULATED BY detect IN MIND THE FOLLOWING POINTS GIVING THE RESPONDENTS. CLEAR COMPREHENSION OF THE QUESTION. incentive THE RESPONDENTS TO CO-OPERATE. GIVING INSTRUCTIONS AS TO WHAT IS NEEDED. IDENTIFYING THE NEEDS TO BE KNOWN. Scope of the study To conduct this research the target population was the mobile users, who are using GSM technology. Targeted geographic area of Gwalior/ URBEN. Sample size of 50 persons was taken. To these 50 people a questionnaire was given, the questionnaire was a combination of both open ended and unkindly ended questions. The date during which questionnaires were filled. Some dealers were also interviewed to know their prospective. Interviews with the managers of GSM service providers were also conducted. Finally the collected data and information was analyzed and compiled to arrive at the conclusion and recommendations given. Sources of secondary data Used to obtain information on, Bhartis history, current issues, policies, procedures etc, where ever required. Internet Magazines Newspapers Journals Bharti Circulars investment firm / Airtel Relationship Center / Airtel Store / Distributors Bharti News Letters Vodafone Store / Distributors Vodafone Mini store Data analysis And InterpretationSubscriber numbers in (mn) held by Vodafone and Airtel YEAR FEB. 2013 (Million) DEC. 2012 (Million) DEC. 2011 (Million) AIRTEL 186. 62 181. 91 175. 65 VODAFHONE 149. 89 147. 48 147. 75 MARKET PLAYERS IN TELE COMMUNICATION Market Share Feb. 2013 Market Share Dec. M arket Share Dec. 011 2012 Bharti Airtel 28. 18 % 27. 68 % 12. 54 % Vodafone 22. 64 % 22. 44 % 11. 83% Reliance Comm. Idia Cellular 17. 8 % pic pic FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS Age Group Graph As we can see from the above graph, the people who are in the age group of 21-28 years are the ones who are the maximum users of mobile phones. This segment is the one which gives maximum business to the mobile operators. This segment constitutes the young executives and other office going people. They are 65% of the total people who were interviewed. The next age group is the People who are 28-35 years old. They are 20% of the total.They are those who are at home or have small business units etc. And the next age group is the youngest generation who are 15-21 years old. They are school and college going students and carry mobile phones to flaunt. They are15% of the total interviewed people. Occupation stemma STUDENTS 15% EXECUTIVES 55% HOUSEHOLDS 20% OTHERS 10% As the above graph shows that 55% of the total people interviewed are working. So, these people are the ones who are the maximum users of mobile phones. They are the young executives, managers, Tele callers etc. who require mobile for their official purposes.The next category is the households, who are either housewife, small units which operate from their homes etc. They are 20% of the whole. The next segment is the students. They are 15% of the whole. And 10% of the whole is categories who are the professionals. Service Provider These are the total market share of mobile user or people captured by the mobile provider company. There two major company in mobile phone service sector Vodafone and Airtel who respectively hold the market share with other company as 29% and 23% of total market user segment of mobile customer. Customer Service At Airtel CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LEVEL FULLY 20% PARTIALLY 10% DISSATISFIED 60% FULLY DISSATISFIED 10% As the above graph clearly shows that customer services at A irtel seems poor. 60% of the people are disgruntled with the customer services provided by Airtel. They are the ones who have the maximum share in the market but they are follow piece of tail in the customer services. 10% of the people were fully dissatisfied with the customer services of Airtel. This could leave an impact on the mind of the consumer. He can even switch over his brand. 20% of the people seemed partially satisfied with the customer services and only 0% seem to be fully satisfied with Airtels customer services, which is a very small amount. Types Of Card Cash cards seemed quite popular among the people interviewed. 85% of the total mobile users were having cash card connections. This means that the cash cards should be easily and readily available in the local markets. Airtel should make sure that Magic is available in each and every street corner and corner of the market. 15% of the people were having sim connections which are the regular bill. Monthly disburs al People on an average spend RS 500 per month as their mobile phone expense. 4% people spend Monthly disbursement 12% 24% Rs 600 Rs 450 Rs 200 64%this amount. 24% people spend RS 300 per month as their monthly mobile expense. And the remaining 12% had an expense more than RS 1000, they could the ones having sim connections or having cash cards and having a lot of business calls on their mobiles. Awareness about WLL WLL seemed to be a new word for many of the people. 45% of the people were not at all aware of such a technology. So, in order to get the answer for this question they were first explained the concept. Only, 55% people knew what WLL is all about. Awareness of WLL Players 80% 70% 60% 50% Vodafone 40% Airtel 30% 20% 10% 0%Vodafone was the brand which was popular amongst the interviewed people. As Vodafone had done so much advertising and has it banners and hoarding spread all over Gwalior. So, this could be one the reasons of its popularity. Tata was hardly a known brand in this new field. Possibly, because of less promotions done by them as compared to Vodafone. On the basis of analysis of the questionnaire I have found that the maximum no. of people house mobile phones is in the age group of 20 to 28.Who are the young executives and other office goers? They spend a maximum of RS 500 as their mobile expense. There is more no. of prepared cards than post paid cards. The mobile users want to spend money side by side than to spend money at the end of the month on a big bill. Now when I compared Airtel with its competitor from the point of view of the consumer I found that on the basis of Tariff plan, value added services and billing accuracy Airtel is at par or ahead of its competitor but in the case of customer care and availability they lag foot their competitors.As, Airtel has a hold in the market because it has the maximum no. of connections, so it must improve upon it customer services. As far as WLL is concerned people are aware about it but n ot many people are aware about Tata. They only know more about Vodafone. People at this point of time are not interested to switch over from GSM to WLL Customer Response towards Questionnaire Which Brand you, prefer most? SERVICE PROVIDER AIRTEL Yes VODAFHONE RELIANCE TATA IDEA How long you have been using this Product? (0-2 Years (2-5 Years (5-10 Years More than 10 years are you using other product with Airtel? (Yes/ NoHere are the customer responses about the use of the Airtel product and other product rather than Airtel. in this segment of survey 67 % of customer are aspire with Airtel and 33 % shown interest in other telecom products in urban areas. Do you collect any information search before making purchase? YES/ NO SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Being one of the largest companies in India the company has achieved a degree of focus in its core business of its products. It has a strong brand name, superior quality products and an enviable distribution network. It has a clear and well-defined organization structure and limits of financial authority. Increase in advertisement spends affect the companys margins. The companys bottom line falls victim to the bloated and highly paid workforce, which affects its margins. Weakness subaltern efforts over the Advertising of products. Distribution channel is not accurately categorized. amplitude priced products, hence cant compete in low price segment. No separate strategy for rural market. Opportunities The companys financial performance can receive a major boost from its cost reduction efforts. There is a lot of scope of product and market diversification. Exports of products will also have huge chances in the coming years. Airtels business has ample scope for gaining market share from the unorganized sector. country penetration too holds vast potential to bring about growth. Threats The lag in the economy has restricted top line growth of most FMCG majors and for Airtel also it will be difficult to maintain diachronic growth rates in such a depressed scenario. Companys major raw materials are influenced by government policies / controls as well as vagaries of the monsoons. Fluctuations in the prices of raw materials would have significant impact on costs and margins of the company. Moreover, inordinate hike in Broad Band Internet products would also increases companys production and distribution cost. LIMITATIONS terminal point of project is without limitations and it becomes essential to figure out the various constraints that we underwent during the study. The following points in this direction would add to our total deliberations- 1.During the study, on many occasions the respondent groups gave us a cold shoulder. 2. The respondents from whom primary data was gathered any times displayed complete ignorance about the complete branded range, which was being studied. 3. lack of time is the basic limitation in the project. 4. Some retailers/whole sellers refuse to cooperate with the queries. 5. Some retailers/wholesalers gave biased or incomplete information regarding the study. 6. Money played a vital factor in the whole project duration. 7. Lack of proper(a) information and experience due to short period of time. 8. Some retailers did not answer all the questions or do not have time to answer. SUGGESTIONSFollowing are the few suggestions to AIRTEL for improving the market share and image of the products concerned. 1. PRODUCT Modification must be brought about in AIRTEL, in terms of quality. Its demand should be increased. 2. PLACE the brands must be made available easily in, PCO & general stores. 3. PROMOTION Company must undertake extensive promotional activities like advertisements must be released in different Medias to create brand awareness. Free samples should be distributed among the prospects. Sales promotion tools like gifts, contests and coupons must be given to retailers as well as customers and prospects. Catalogues sh ould be distributed among customers. 4.PRICE Price should be as competitive as other company maintains Distribution of new connection should be in reach of customer pocket. CONCLUSION After analyzing the findings of the research, I can conclude that Airtel lagged behind its competitors as far as customer service and availability is concerned. The maximum no. of people who use the mobile is in the age group of 20 to 28. Cash cards are the most popular quality of mobile connections, as they are consumer friendly and recharging the connection is not a problem. Maximum no. of people spends RS 500 on their connections. As Airtel is the only company having the maximum no of mobile connections so it must soberly look into the loop holes of the existing customer service department.As we know that now Airtel has already launched its product with New logo and title Aisi azaadi aur kahan to Dil Jo Chahe wo paas laye than Har ek friend jaroori hota hai and in today days Jo tera hai wo mera hai has already became popular in market. So we can say that in spite of so many competitors in the market Airtel is having a good position just because every time, it tries its best to understand then of its important customers. From the comparison and deep analysis of every scene of business of both the companies we can conclude that bharti Airtel has to more work in every field of communication business. It is the time not only to survive but to sustain in the market for a long time. For this Airtel has to work on its all marketing strategies, marketing, promotion, brand image. etc. Airtel has to take Vodafone.Very bad and update its own strategies from time to time and when the need arises. With aggressive marketing strategies Airtel has to target rural India as 70% of population of India lives in these areas. The other segment may be costumers of all age groups. RECOMMENDATIONS I have made following recommendation to the company after doing the summer homework there The comp any should modify its credit policy as they only target the cash paying customers who are not easy to trace. The company should emphasis more on the quality of Pharmaceuticals Products it was mostly claimed by the exporters that their receipts from company doesnt matches with the samples quality shown before giving orders. The company should make its marketing strategy flexible enough in order to face competition. The company should keep an eye on the proper delivery of the goods to exporter on time, as it has been recommended by exporters to make the delivery on time. The company rate policy must be flexible enough to catch new customers because if company offers lower price to a new customer then he may continue buy the goods and can be a permanent customer for the company. The company should offers such rate in the market so that it may able to catch a bigger market share and it should be able to compete with the local traders and commission agents while having a brand name.T he company should take the whim of exporters from time to time to know what problems they are facing from the companys side. And if any change they require in present supplying condition? BIBLIOGRAPHY In this project report, while finalizing and for analyzing quality problem in expatiate the following Books, Magazines/Journals and Web Sites have been referred. All the material detailed infra provides effective help and a guiding layout while designing this text report. Books Principles of Marketing Philip Kotler & Kevin keller edi. 12Market Research D. D. Sharma Research Methodology C. R. Kothari Websites www. Airtelworld. com www. google. com www. india. com www. Vodafone. in http//www. blonnet. om/2004/06/26/stories/2004062602180700. htm, Mumbai, June 25, 2004. com/companies/companies_r/Vodafone_infocom/20031104_stop-roaming. htm, 4 November 2003 Domain, Missed Call, at http//www. domainb Magazines Airtel (2 July to 10 July 2011)Airtel India page of HT paper (Thursday 1Decem ber 2011) Cowards India (26 December to 4 Jan. 2011) QUESTIONNAIRE Dear Sir/Madam, I RAVI SHIVHARE student of MBA of I. T. M. University Gwalior (M. P. ) I am doing my project on Comparative analysis of marketing strategy of Vodafone and Airtel. Please give your strange time for filling these details. Q. 1 Name those companies which provide telecom (services now a days? Airtel (Vodafone (Reliance (TATA Idea ( Q. 2 which mobile company services you are using now a days? (Airtel (Vodafone (Reliance (TATA Idea Q. 3 Among them, which Brand (you, prefer most? (Airtel (Vodafone (Reliance (TATA Idea Q. 2 How long you have been using this Product? (0-2 Years (2-5 Years (5-10 Years More than 10 years Q. 3 Are you using other product instead of (Airtel? (Yes No Q. 5 Do you collect any information search before making purchase? (Yes No Q. 8 what are the features you look for in a product before making purchase termination? Give preferences ((1-Highest, 6- least) (Brand credibility (Price and Discount (After sales services and parts, network (Value for moneyVehicle (performance sum up on features or ergonomics of design Q. 10 If you have to purchase a new connection or product in near future, which Brand will you go for and why? Q. 11 Are you aware of various promotional activities being run by Airtel, if yes then how? Are you satisfied with these promotional activities? Very cheery Somewhat Not Satisfied Satisfied satisfied ( Customer Care ( By Ad Films ( By Camp ( 24 hrs call center services Q. 12 How would you rate Airtel performance as your expectation on 5 points scale (5 Highest? ) 1 2 3 4 5 ( After Sale service ( Maintenance ( Product as per expectation Q. 13 What are you suggestions for improving

Internet Cafe Management System

be reduction is the process used by companies to reduce their costs and increment their profits. Depending on a companys services or Product, the strategies spate vary. Every decision in the product development process affects cost. Companies typically launch a new product without focusing too oft on cost. Cost becomes more important when competition outgrowths and price becomes a differentiator in the market.In linear programming, decrease cost, or luck cost, is the amount by which an objective function coefficient would befuddle to better (so increase for maximization problem, decrease for minimization problem) before it would be possible for a corresponding variable to assume a positive value in the optimal solution. It is the cost for increasing a variable by a small amount, i. e. , the first derivative from a certain point on the polyhedron that constrains the problem.When the point is a vertex in the polyhedron, the variable with the most uttermost(a) cost, negatively f or minimisation and positively maximisation, is sometimes referred to as the steepest edge. Given a system minimize subject to , the reduced cost vector displace be computed as , where is the dual cost vector. It follows directly that for a minimisation problem, any non- basic variables at their lower bounds with strictly negative reduced costs are eligible to enter that basis, while any basic variables must have a reduced cost that is exactly 0.For a maximisation problem, the non-basic variables at their lower bounds that are eligible for launching the basis have a strictly positive reduced cost. headache process re-engineering is a descent management strategy, originally pioneered in the primal 1990s, focusing on the analysis and design of workflows and processes within an organization.BPR aimed to help organizations fundamentally rethink how they do their work in order to dramatically improve customer service, cut operational costs, and become world-class competitors. 1 In th e mid-1990s, as many as 60% of the Fortune 500 companies claimed to either have initiated reengineering efforts, or to have plans to do so. 2 BPR seeks to help companies radically restructure their organizations by focusing on the ground-up design of their occupancy processes.According to Davenport (1990) a business process is a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined business outcome. Re-engineering emphasized a holistic focus on business objectives and how processes related to them, encouraging full-scale recreation of processes rather than iterative aspect optimization of subprocesses. 1 Business process re-engineering is also known as business process redesign, business transformation, or business process change management.

Mark Twain, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

In the novel by Mark duo, The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn, the twain important char operationers, huck and Jim, are strongly linked. Their analogy is portrayed by miscellaneous sides, some of them good and some former(a)wises incompetent. But the essential interest of that relation is the way that uses the author to describe it. veritable(a) if he had often been misunderstood, Twain always implied a message behind the themes developed around huckaback and Jim. The first encounter among huckaback Finn and Jim is at the beginning of the book, when hucks friend, turkey cock Sawyer, tries to fool Jim, sink Watsons slave.Huck and Jim lock away dont know each other, but Huck isnt biased against the old slave. Its an important point because, as racialism was a widely held mentality in the South, we can learn that that recent boy was to a greater extent rude-minded than most mint there. Later, they find themselves in the same situation. As they were escaping from th e civilized world, they take refuge in the capital of Mississippis Island, on the Mississippi river. Huck is running away from a bad father and Jim has leaved Miss Watson because he didnt wishing to be sold to New Orleans.Look morehuck finn chapter 20 essaySoon later on joining Jim on the island, Huck begins to work out that Jim has more talents and intelligence than Huck has been aware of. Jim knows entirely kinds of signs about the future, peoples personalities, and weather forecasting. Huck finds this kind of information necessary as he and Jim drift down the Mississippi on a raft. As important, Huck feels a comfort with Jim that he has non felt with the other major char momenters in the novel. With Jim, Huck can enjoy the best aspects of his advance(prenominal) influences. Jims meaning to Huck changes as they proceed through their adventure.He starts out as an extra person fair to take on the journey, but they transform into a friend. It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger. (chap. XV) Huck tries to scab on Jim but cant because he remembers that Jim c aloneed him de bes fren I ever so had de ony exsanguine genl firearm dat ever kep his promise to ole Jim. (chap. XVI) Huck realizes that he can not turn Jim in since they both act as runaway outcasts on the river. The support they have for each other sprouts friendship. As does the Widow, Jim allows Huck security, but Jim is not as confining as is the Widow.Like Tom Sawyer, Jim is intelligent but his intelligence is not as intimidating or as imaginary as is Toms. As does Pap, Jim allows Huck granting immunity, but he does it in a loving, rather than an uncaring, fashion. Thus, early, in their relationship on Jacksons Island, Huck says to Jim, This is nice. I wouldnt want to be nowhere else but here. This feeling is in attach contrast with Hucks feelings concerning other people in the early part of the novel where he always is uncomfortable and wish es to leave them. The want of comfort is overly shared by Jim. As a slave, he truly feels want an outcast.Considering the context of the United States at that period, during the slavery conflict, we comfortably under infrastructure the situation of Jim. And one of the main ideas of this Mark Twains masterpiece deals with a multiracial couples story. The relationship between black and white was hardly accepted in the 1830s. Such an adventure, two male characters, with opposite colour of skin, striking up a friendship, was considered as a provocation by the society. The author knows that very well and forget try, through his two heroes, to denounce the drifting of the Nation.Irony is his main gun against that obscurantism. He uses it as often as possible. For instance, on chapter XIV, Huck tries to rationalise to Jim why a Frenchman is a man, even if he speaks differently. The ironical give comes from the situation that this black slave doesnt understand the equality of all p eople, whereas himself isnt considered equal by the white. Besides, another ironical aspect is that we work out first, in that chapter, that the white boy will civilize the black man whereas well discover further that it is the contrary.First person brings the reader a more innocent side of the story, so the reader feels more compassion for the petty boy. The symbolic image falls into play between Huck and Jim, en trash is what people is dat puts dirt on de head er dey frens en makes em ashamed (chap. XV), this do Huck open his eyes for the first time in his invigoration. Jim for the first time shows feelings for Huck and lets him know you dont treat people who care for you like trash. This makes Huck aware that Jim means more to him than just mortals slave, he now considers him a true friend.Next, Huck in the long run sees Jims loyalty toward him, so Jim he said he would stand the first half of it for me (chap. XX), keeping a special watch not waking him on his turn, I wen t to sleep, and Jim didnt call me when it was my turn (chap. XXIII). Even the little things like not waking Huck, show more than just an undying friendship. The symbolism of a grown man and a youngster had more effect instead of having two grown men, because a claw needs a father figure. Jim fit the description and perfectly provided that for him. The vulgar affection between Huck and Jim will even lead them to sorts of presents.When Huck discovers that Jim has been captured, Huck must decide whether to turn in Jim and tell Miss Watson, or accept going to hell. He finally chooses hell when he says, I took it letter to Miss Watson up, and held it in my hand. I was a-trembling, because Id got to decide, forever, amidst two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute and thus says to myself All right, then, Ill go to hell, and tore it up. (chap. XXXI) Hucks sacrifice for his friend Jim, a man he has come to view as a father, forces Huck to accept a life of everlasting wo(e) and anguish.In reality, Hucks sacrifice is a noble and atypical achievement, allowing Huck to unknowingly be bound for heaven. Jims sacrifice, although small in his own mind, is in fact one of the bravest sacrifices made passim this book. For example, after Tom gets shot in the leg, Jim displays his concern for Tom as he says, No, sah-I doan budge a step outn dis place dout a doctor not if its forty year Despite all of the racist and harsh tricks Tom has played on Jim, Jim risks his life to hand over his friend. Rather than abandon Tom, Jim is willing to risk his freedom to save Toms life.Moreover, as Jim makes this brave sacrifice, Huck thinks to himself, I knowed he was white inside. (chap. XL) Through Jims sacrifice for Tom, Huck discovers that all men, including blacks, are in fact equal. Huck no longer facial expressions down upon Jim as a nigger, but rather as an equal human being. Lastly, the doctor describes Jims heroic sacrifice to the Phelps and tells them that, He aint a bad nigger and I never see a nigger that was a better nuss or faithfuler, and yet he was risking his freedom to do it save Tom. (chap.XLII)Jim risked his freedom to save an insolent, racist white boy who had treated him, not as an equal, but as an inferior, unequal nigger. Jims sacrifice is clearly an act of bravery far more heroic than the sacrifice Huck made earlier in the novel. Huck and Jims sacrifices for each other, however different, also present many similarities. For example, Huck and Jim both think they are sacrificing themselves for a friend. Huck sacrifices himself for a black friend he has come to write out as an equal. Similarly, Jim sacrifices himself for a friend, when in reality, he is risking his freedom to save the life of a racial bigot, Tom.In addition, both sacrifices have as a consequence a life of everlasting hell. When Huck sacrifices himself for Jim, he accepts a literal hell (that is truly the path to heaven). Jim, on the other hand, accepts a life of f igurative hell in slavery, when he is in fact free all along. Finally, each sacrifice shares irony, in that they were both ground on unknown pieces of unknown, but significannot pieces of information. Huck is unaware that his decision of pass judgment hell will actually lead to his salvation and ironically decides on doing what the thinks is wrong.Likewise, Jim is unaware that he is free, and is not risking his freedom in saving Tom. In making these two brave sacrifices, Huck and Jim achieve a higher(prenominal) character than if they had chosen easier paths. Hucks willingness to face hell to harbor Jim and Jims willingness to face capture and slavery to save Tom, both fall in to the overall theme of racial equality/inequality present throughout the book. Huck and Jims journey down the Mississippi River has led them to look past colour boundaries, and discover that all me are created equal.